September 25, 2014

How the class of 2015 Analyzes Character

Sammy the Hammy
      
    Sammy, the narrator in John Updike’s “A&P”, is an immature, judgemental, ignorant teen aged boy. Because the author is speaking as the story’s narrator, most of what is depicted in the first two paragraphs accurately portrays Sammy’s initial character.
Sammy first notices the girls as they walk into the store and describes them as “these three girls” (1). It is safe to assume that ‘these three girls’ are not the only group of three females to ever enter the store, so to describe them so casually despite Sammy’s obvious interest in them is immature for his nineteen years of age. Upon describing the customer he was supposed to be tending to at the check-out line, Sammy describes her as “a witch about fifty” (1). Not only does this diction choice show how rude he is, Sammy is also immature in his momentary judgements. This women may not have time to stand around and wait for this young man to carry out his job at a lackadaisical pace. By the way she responds to Sammys inefficiencies -- “she gives me a snort in passing” (2) -- this is not the first time he has become distracted. Including the fact that he later refers to one of the girls as “queen” (2) and places this label on the girl he has not met yet nor made any effort to introduce himself to shows how immature he is when meeting new people that either threaten him because of his/her -- in this case her-- demeanor or physical appearances.
    Although Sammy is significantly immature for his age, he is also judgemental of those around him that he finds to be less than himself or not adequate for his personal standards. Specifically in the second paragraph, he describe all three of the girls by pointing out their flaws and how close they are to being good-looking, but haven’t quite made it there yet:

    “There was this chunky on, with the two-piece -- it was bright green and the seams on the bra were still sharp and her belly was still pretty pale so I guessed she just got it (the suit) -- there was this on, with one of those chubby berry-faces, the lips all bunched together under her nose, this one, and a tall one, with black hair that hadn’t quite frizzed right, and one of these sunburns right across under the eyes, and a chin that was too long -- you know, the kind of girl other girls think is very “striking” or “attractive” but never quite makes it, as they very well know, which is why they like her so much -- and then the third one, that wasn’t quite so tall. She was the Queen. She kind of led them, the other two peeking around and making their shoulders round. She didn’t look around, not this queen, she just walked straight on slowly, on these long white prima-donna legs.” (2)

By using diction like “chubby” and “chunky” and phrases like “hadn’t quite frizzed right”, “a chin that was too long”, and “never quite make it”, Sammy demonstrates to the audience that he is judgemental of the imperfections he finds in other people. Not only does Sammy point out flaws in theres girls, but he does so with the older woman in the check out line as well by making the snide remark of her lack of eyebrows and the seemingly unattractive “rouge on her cheekbones” (1). Sammy continues to display negative character traits into the end of the second paragraph when he begins to analyze how the ‘queen’ walks.
    Including most of the citations in the paragraphs above, Sammy thoroughly displays his ignorance towards women throughout the story, but more densely in the first two paragraphs. By making the comment “You never know for sure how girls’ minds work…” is two simply say that neither does Samy  not care for how the female mind works, but nor does he really know that the male and female brains basic functions are nearly the same. Reinforcing the notion that Sammy is oblivious in his ability to understand the basics about girls, he continues the previous sentence with the appositive phrase “(do you really think it’s a mind in there or just a little buzz like a bee in a glass jar?)” (2) Sammys inability to recognize that these women are probably toying with him by coming in the store dressed the way they are and his comment on the presence or absence of a mind in any female shows his ignorance of girls.  
    Sammy is a nine-teen year-old boy, who sees these three girls who walk into the store he works at in their bathing suits -- most likely to toy with him -- and immediately begins to display how immature, judgemental, and ignorant he is for his age and demonstrates this through the things he says and the details he points out in those around him.
   

The Effects of Punishment -- and Other Influential Stimuli -- On Behavior (By Yours Truly)


The Effects of Punishment -- and Other Influential Stimuli -- On Behavior 

    Punishment decreases an undesired behavior. There are two kinds of punishment: positive and negative punishment. Positive punishment is -- according to the Exploring Psychology: Sixth Edition in Modules by David G. Myers -- the “administer[ing of] an aversive stimulus” (265) Whereas negative punishment would be the opposite: withdrawal of a desired stimulus. Although punishment is a significantly effective tool in changing one's behavior, there are other ways to influence and correct a behavior using devices such as modeling, classical conditioning, and reinforcements.
    Modeling has quite the influence on behavior -- especially in children. By using negative punishment such as spanking and screaming, children will demonstrate these behaviors in other situations where he/she is confronted with someones else behavior he/she finds to be undesirable. In a study observing aggressive behaviors in children published in the Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology: Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models  (1961) --republished in Forty Studies that Changed Psychology: Explorations into the History of Psychological Research Seventh Edition by Roger R. Hock -- Bandura observed that “children who were exposed to...violent models tended to imitate the exact violent behaviors the observed.” (89) In lamens terms, by spanking a child as punishment for something he/she did that is wrong/inadequate, the parent/guardian is modeling aggressive behavior that should be accepted as a form of communicating ones dissatisfaction. This, as many people believe, is not socially acceptable -- to teach ones child that hitting is acceptable and screaming as a form of communication when you’re mad is okay. By demonstrating aggressive behavior, one introduces his/her child to imitative learning -- teaching them to be aggressive -- and allows said child to transition said behaviors to other settings such as school, the playground, or other social settings. Also, it is important to note that in this study, neither the model of aggression or non aggression were rewarded, nor were the children when observed for behavioral changed.
    Of course, the other way to change one's behavior is through reinforcements. Reinforcements are devices that are used to encourage or discourage ones behavior. Positive reinforcements are typically used to increase a valued or desired behavior by administering a reward to the subject in question. These rewards can be either Primary reinforcements of negative reinforcements. Primary reinforcements are stimuli that the subject already enjoys such as food, praise, money, etc. Negative reinforcements are stimuli that the subject would have to ‘learn’ to enjoy, for example, taking off ones shoes when in pain, reading a personally chosen book after completion of an assigned reading task. Although most reinforcements are positive stimuli, one could presume that negative stimuli would have similar effects in increasing or decreasing a behavior.
    SImilarly, Pavlov and Watson both has done studies -- also published in Forty Studies (Pavlov 65) and (Watson 72) -- on classically conditioned behaviors and responses. Pavlov pioneered the study of behavior and classical conditioning, paving the way for Watson to demonstrate the role conditioning has in behaviors. To summarize, Watson studied the conditioning of irrational fears in an infant (Albert was 11 months old when the conditioning began). Although applying current ethics laws this study was completely unethical and wrong, Watson discovered many things through his study with Little Albert such as the formation of phobias and sexual fetishes. By implementing a fear-inducing stimuli in the presence of an object previously neutral, one can create a conditioned response of fear to said object. This type of conditioning could be useful in changing a child's undesired behavior by administering a stimuli that is undesirable to the child such as a loud noise, a slight shock or feeling of pain, etc. Although spanking would be considered by many to be an aversive undesirable stimuli to most children, some have completed the extinction phase of conditioning: when one loses the conditioned response due to lack of experiencing the conditioned stimuli causing the conditioned response.
    Not only in children does one find undesirable behavior, but also in adults. No matter how one ethically views spanking, rewards, or conditioning, changing aversive behavior is important to maintaining a safe social environment. In the larger scheme of life, a combination of punishment, negative and positive reinforcement, followed by some behavioral conditioning, would logically maximize the desired behavior and, by reason, decrease the undesired or aversive behavior.

September 5, 2014

Them Feels

The feeling you get when you have a wonderful academic day and then all of sudden you are in a relationship with the person you care most about <3
First, I was commended on my analytical skills in my AP Literature class. Then, I received congratulations on being the only one to ace my anatomy and physiology test. Now, I am officially in a relationship with T, and I could not be happier. <3
I am looking for subjects to blog about, as I am at a loss for words for my happiness at the moment...any suggestions?

September 2, 2014

Army Wives

Okay. So no. I'm not married. But that doesn't mean I can't love a man in the army. My best friend and true love, T, is being deployed over seas soon. And it makes me sad. I struggle with communication while he's gone, but I have a wonderful support named B. Who is in fact engaged to an army man. ❤️ Before I get into all of the fun and exciting opinions of love and distant relationships, I shall catch you all up on the 411 of J. 
    J was abusive. Verbally. And physically. I am no longer with him, praise Jesus. I care for him as he is a person who changed my life and taught me a valuable lesson about character and moral, I wish him luck in exploring himself and dealing with his mental problems. This was about two months ago. I've lost weight, gained muscle mass, I'm taking three AP classes this year, and after I graduate from high school in June I will be taking an LNA class over the summer and then I will be going to med school. This would not be possible if J and I were still together. 
    Now, for my love. 
T and I have been friends for about 3 years. And I care for him more than anyone. Since I cannot send him letters and correspond daily, my trusty blog will be my way of writing to him daily on school, life, and how much I miss him. When he comes home in June, I will be the happiest person alive. Our first kiss. Our first hug in years. ❤️ As of this moment, we are not officially a couple. But my heart will be his always. When we text to say goodnight and wish each  other well things like this happen that make my night one million times better:
The support I've discovered in an unlikely friend, B, is incredible. And I could not ask for a better person to able to go to. I am truly thankful for her and her bravery. I never thought two years ago I'd be I love with an army man. But here I am. Head over heels. I enjoy his presence. His voice. His smile. The way he makes me laugh and giggle. He has always been a gentleman. He allows me to be myself, and he likes me for it. I truly am going to focus on my senior year of highschool, getting into med school, and moving forward with him in my life permanently. 
    Highschool has this mysterious way of changing your life forever. Things you thought you'd do from middle school are no longer in your plan for life, and people you've never though you'd need are your rock. I'm a very happy person today. And I'm so happy I get to share it with you all. Goodnight (: